Columbia River Sally Bag

Early 20th Century

9.5"h x 9" d

Plateau Sally Bag Basketry refers to a distinctive type of basketry practiced by the Indigenous peoples of the Columbia Plateau region in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Here's an overview based on available information:

Historical Context:

Origins and Usage: Sally bags, also known as wapaas or aqw’alkt among the Wasco and Wishram peoples respectively, have been used for centuries for gathering roots, medicines, nuts, seeds, and mushrooms. These baskets were particularly vital during seasonal activities like root digging.

Crafting Techniques:

Weaving Method: These baskets are crafted using a unique full-turn twining method, which distinguishes them from other basketry styles. This technique involves weaving weft fibers around warp elements in a way that each weft makes a complete turn around each warp, creating a dense, durable, and flexible structure.
Materials: Traditionally, sally bags were made from natural fibers like dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), also known as Indian hemp. Post-contact with Euroamericans, materials evolved to include cornhusks, yarn, and even beads, reflecting adaptation to new available resources.
Designs: The bags often feature intricate designs reflecting cultural symbols. Human figures, animals like frogs, condors, dogs, salmon, and sturgeon, as well as geometric patterns, are common motifs, each carrying cultural significance.

Cultural Significance:

Preservation of Craft: The knowledge of weaving sally bags was nearly lost with the passing of key basket makers like Louise Van Pelt Sconawah Spino in 1971. However, contemporary weavers like Pat Courtney Gold have continued and revitalized this tradition, bringing attention to its cultural importance.
Modern Revival: Today, sally bag weaving is taught in workshops and classes, such as those offered by the WildCraft Studio School or through the Columbia Basin Basketry Guild, ensuring the craft's continuation. These educational efforts often focus on both traditional methods and contemporary adaptations.

Notable Features:

Structure: Sally bags are cylindrical and flexible, often with leather rims and loops for attachment to belts, making them practical for carrying while working or traveling.
Aesthetic and Functional: The dual role of these bags as both functional items and art pieces showcases the skill and cultural heritage of the Plateau peoples. The decorative elements serve not only to beautify but also to convey stories or spiritual meanings.

Conclusion:
Sally bags from the Columbia Plateau are not just utilitarian; they are a profound expression of cultural identity and resilience.