Maria Martinez

Maria Martinez (Maria Poveka Montoya, ca. 1887–1980) was the legendary potter of San Ildefonso Pueblo, celebrated for developing the black‑on‑black pottery style with her husband Julian Martinez.

Maria Martinez was born around 1887 at San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico, where she learned pottery as a child by watching her aunt and other relatives work. She married Julian Martinez in 1904, and together they revived traditional Pueblo pottery techniques at a time when the craft was declining.

In 1908, archaeologist Edgar Lee Hewett asked her to recreate ancient pottery styles being excavated near the pueblo. This collaboration led Maria and Julian to develop their signature black‑on‑black pottery in 1921, combining a highly polished surface with matte painted designs.

Her work became internationally renowned, exhibited in major museums including the Smithsonian, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Denver Art Museum. 

Over her 70‑year career, Maria won hundreds of awards, participated in world fairs, visited the White House multiple times, and became one of the most influential Native American artists of the 20th century.